复旦R语言课件PPT课件.ppt

Some Resources A Course (The ppt is showed with R Development Core Group) /tlumley/Rcourse/ A Paper (citing R in a publication) Ihaka R. Gentleman R. 1996. R: a language for data analysis and graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 5: 299–314. Two URL /stat/ Several Books Using R for Data Analysis and Graphics—An Introduction. J.H. Maindonald An Introduction to R. The R Development Core Team simpleR –Using R for Introductory Statistics. John Verzani R for Beginners. Emmanuel Paradis The R Reference Manual Base Package. The R Development Core Team Acknowledge PhD. Qi Liu Prof. Naiqing Zhao Prof. Gang Pei Everyone Here Prof. Yixue Li Any Question? THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 Getting Helps Several commands help.start() help() or ?() help.search() apropos() Internet searching I like it very much. It seems omnipotence. Quit R Command q() Terminate an R Session How does R work? Basic R Structure and data manipulation Basic R working flow(Object orientation) package -- R for Beginners. Emmanuel Paradis Object orientation Object: a collection of atomic variables and/or other objects that belong together Parlance: class: the “abstract” definition of it object: a concrete instance method: other word for ‘function’ slot: a component of an object Types of Data in R The basic data object is a vector of elements of type: numeric numbers - either floating point or integer character each element is a character string logical each element is TRUE or FALSE list elements can be any type of object, including other lists Components of the S language, such as functions, are also vectors. Any vector can include the missing data marker NA as an element. All vectors have a length and a mode. The functions length and mode return this information as does the str function. A structure consists of a data object plus additional information. Matrices (or arrays, in general) and time series are examples of structures. Operators Vectors, Matrices and Arrays Comman