2014年秋信息论课件第1章_绪论.ppt

* efficient: 文本 represent every symbol with 8 bit ? 1 book: 8 * (500 pages) * 1000 symbols = 4 Mbit ? 1 book ?compression possible to 1 Mbit (1:4)? * efficient: 语音  sampling speed 8000 samples/sec; accuracy 8 bits/sample; speed 64 kBit/s; ? 45 minutes lecture = 45*60*64k =180Mbit ? 45 books ??compression possible to 4.8 kBit/s (1:10) * efficient: CD music sampling speed 44.1 k samples/sec; accuracy 16 bits/sample ? storage capacity for one hour stereo: 5 Gbit ? 1250 books ? compression possible to 4 bits/sample ( 1:4 ) ? * efficient: digital pictures 300 x 400 pixels x 3 colors x 8 bit/sample ???2.9 Mbit/picture; for 25 images/second we need 75 Mb/s 2 hour pictures need 540 Gbit ? 130,000 books ??compression needed (1:100) * efficient: summary text: ? 1 book storage: = 4 Mbit ? 1 book speech: ? 45 minutes lecture = 45*60*64k =180Mbit ? 45 books CD music: ? storage capacity for one hour stereo: 5 Gbit ? 1250 books ? digital pictures: ? ? 2 hour pictures need 540 Gbit ? 130,000 books????? * Morse * efficient: 应用 文本: Zip; etc. 音乐: MP3 图像: JPEG, MPEG * efficient: example JPEG 100 0 90 (58k bytes) 50 (21k bytes) 10 (8k bytes) best quality, lowest compression worst quality, highest compression * Reliable: Transmit 0 or 1 Receive 0 or 1 0 0 correct 0 1 in - correct 1 1 correct 1 0 in - correct What can we do about it ? * Reliable: 2 examples Transmit A: = 0 0 B: = 1 1 Receive 0 0 or 1 1 OK 0 1 or 1 0 NOK 1 error detected! A: = 0 0 0 B: = 1 1 1 000, 001, 010, 100 ? A 111, 110, 101, 011 ? B 1 error corrected! * Reliable: 2 examples 重复编码 * * * 通信中的几个常识 误码率10-3 误码率10-6 误码率10-9 误码率10-15 – 对于误码率满足误码率10-15，重复编码需要多少次？ 69 * 信息论的应用 语音信号压缩(G.711,GSM,Vocoder…) 音频信号压缩(MP3) 图像信号的压缩(JPEG,MPEG…) 计算机文件的压缩(gzip…) 纠错编码(汉明码、卷积码、网格编码等) 通信(深空通信、Modem…) 其他(信息经济学) * 现在通信到了什么程度？ 手机到了山寨时代 视频播放开始普及 * 通信发展的趋势是什么？ 有线的