社会因素和健康.ppt

社会因素与健康 Social factors and health 内容Contents Introduction Economy and health Culture and health Social environment and health 概述 经济因素与健康 文化因素与健康 社会生活环境与健康 第一节 概述Section one Introduction The connotation of social factors The basic rules and characteristics of social factor influencing health The mechanism of social economic factor influencing health 社会因素的内涵 社会因素影响健康的基本规律和特点 社会因素影响健康的机制 社会的各项构成要素，包括环境、人口和文明程度(政 治、经济、文化等)。  也可将社会因素分为两个方面，即 自然环境 ( physical environment) 社会环境 (social environment) 泛影响性 －－作用的重叠性 －－作用及影响的 非特异性  恒常性与积累性 交互作用 extensive effect －－ multiple pathways and overlap between these determinants －－ nonspecific effect constant and cumulative effect interaction 三、社会因素影响健康的机制  Mechanism of social factors impact on health  Possible explanation for the association between social-economic factors and health. Various models have been proposed which describe possible mechanisms through which socio-economic factors might impact on health. Turrell.s model differentiates between three levels or stages of determinants of socio-economic health inequalities. POSSIBLE MECHANISMS There are several potential pathway mechanisms through which individual socioeconomic circumstances could influence health, including material, behavioral and psychosocial pathway. 1. MATERIAL PATHWAY The simplest explanations for the strong relationships between individual socio-economic factors and health. Generally describe purchasing power, knowledge power and employment power as resources that elevate or sustain health status. Variations in a person’s access to these material resources and to other life opportunities give rise to inequalities in health status. 2. BEHAVIOURAL PATHWAY 3. PSYCHOSOCIAL PATHWAY Health may be affected by psychosocial mechanisms at the individual level (e.g. via nerve-endocrine and immune system responses). The list of potentially contributing psychosocial factors is