功、功率和简单机械(Work-Power-Simple-Machines).pptVIP

MA = Count # of ropes that apply an upward force (note the block and tackle!) Fe A combination of two or more simple machines. Cannot get more work out of a compound machine than is put in. Work, Power, Machines What is work ? The product of the force applied to an object and the distance through which that force is applied. Is work being done or not? Mowing the lawn Weight-lifting Moving furniture up a flight of stairs Pushing against a locked door Swinging a golf club YES YES YES NO YES Calculating Work All or part of the force must act in the direction of the movement. Do you do more work when you finish a job quickly? Work does NOT involve time, only force and distance. No work is done when you stand in place holding an object. Labeling work: w = F x d Newton X meter (N m) Which also = (kg x m2) s2 The Joule 1 newton-meter is a quantity known as a joule (J). Named after British physicist James Prescott Joule. How quickly work is done. Amount of work done per unit time. If two people mow two lawns of equal size and one does the job in half the time, who did more work? Same work. Different power exerted. POWER = WORK / TIME The watt A unit named after Scottish inventor James Watt. Invented the steam engine. P = W/t Joules/second 1 watt = 1 J/s watts Used to measure power of light bulbs and small appliances An electric bill is measured in kW/hrs. 1 kilowatt = 1000 W Horsepower (hp) = 745.5 watts Traditionally associated with engines. (car,motorcycle,lawn-mower) The term horsepower was developed to quantify power. A strong horse could move a 750 N object one meter in one second. 750 N Machines A device that makes work easier. A machine can change the size, the direction, or the distance over which a force acts. Forces involved: Input Force FI Force applied to a machine Output Force FO Force applied by a machine Two forces, thus two types of work Work Input work done on a machine =Input force