毕业设计（论文）《部分危险品毒性大小比较》.doc

摘 要 我国生产、贮存、运输过程中涉及的化学品种类和数量也越来越多, 在运输和管理的过程中毒害事故时有发生,而且造成的人员伤亡、经济损失巨大，已成为国家十分重视、社会普遍关注、迫切需要解决的安全问题。 本文介绍了课题的目的、意义、要求、课题发展状况及存在的问题、研究思想及应解决的主要问题，还有国内毒害品安全管理和运输的法律法规及安全现状。列举了一些常见的毒害品的分子结构和毒理信息，以及相关事故案例、分析。然后从物质分子结构决定物质的毒性这一规律出发，对常见有机毒害品分子结构与其毒性的相关性做了初步研究，找到有机物的分子结构与其毒性之间的关系，为快速识别有毒物质及其毒性强弱提供了判断的依据。并分类列出了多发事故有机毒害品分子结构与毒性大小的表格，总结了无需实验的有机毒害品毒性大小辨别的简易方法。 关键字：有机物 分子结构 毒性 ABSTRACT The type and quantity of the chemical are increasing during the process of production, storage and transportation but in the process of transportation and management poisoning accidents occur frequently. It causes casualties and huge economic losses and has been taken into account by the country and the society, becoming crying needs of safety problem. This paper introduces the purpose, significance, claim, development, the existing problem of the task, study ideas and the main problem that should be solved. Also, it recommends regulations and current situation of poison product safety management and transportation. This passage also list molecular structure of toxicology and information of some common poisoning and relevant accident case analysis. After that, from the view of material molecular structure determine substance’s virulence, the passage do a preliminary study of the relevance of molecular structure and its toxicity, finding the relationship between the molecular structure and its toxicity. And it can provide judgment of how to quickly recognize toxic material and its toxic factors. It also lists form of multiple accident organic poison product molecular structure and its toxic size. At last, this passage summarized the simple method of distinguishing toxicity of organic poison product without doing experiment. Key words：organic molecular structure toxicity 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 第一章 绪论 1 1.1题目来源 1 1.2研究目的和科学意义 1 1.2.1研究目的 1 1.2.2科学意义 1 1.3国内外发展状况和国内存在的问题 2 1.3.1 国内外发展情况 2 1.3.2国内存在的问题 3 第二章 典型化学品中毒危险性及相应的理化特性归纳 6 2.1化学品中毒危害 6 2.1.1呼吸系统