跨文化高低语境-英语版.pptVIP

General terms high context and low context (popularized by Edward Hall) are used to describe broad-brush cultural differences between societies. High context refers to societies or groups where people have close connections over a long period of time. Many aspects of cultural behavior are not made explicit because most members know what to do and what to think from years of interaction with each other. Your family is probably an example of a high context environment. Low context refers to societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. In these societies, cultural behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave. High Context ?Less verbally explicit communication, less written/formal information ?More internalized understandings of what is communicated ?Multiple cross-cutting ties and intersections with others ?Long term relationships ?Strong boundaries- who is accepted as belonging vs who is considered an outsider ?Knowledge is situational, relational. ?Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face relationships, often around a central person who has authority. Examples: ? Small religious congregations, a party with friends, family gatherings, expensive gourmet restaurants and neighborhood restaurants with a regular clientele, undergraduate on-campus friendships, regular pick-up games, hosting a friend in your home overnight. Low Context ?Rule oriented, people play by external rules ?More knowledge is codified, public, external, and accessible. ?Sequencing, separation--of time, of space, of activities, of relationships ?More interpersonal connections of shorter duration ?Knowledge is more often transferable ?Task-centered. Decisions and activities focus around what needs to be done, division of responsibilities. Examples: ? large US airports, a chain supermarket, a cafeteria, a con