MandarinWuYueMinHakkaXiangGan北方话吴粤客家湘赣.pptVIP

Distribution of Non-Prevocalic /r/ 1/9 Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 149. How Innovations Spread 2/9 1 2 3 4 5 Summary of How Innovations Spread ? From one place to nearby places ? From urban center to urban center ? From urban center to surrounding areas ? From person to person, group to group ? From area to area as people move Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, pp. 147-153. 3/9 Countries where Indo-European Languages are spoken Wikipedia: Countries where Indo-European Languages are dominant in orange; yellow represents areas where IE language is an auxiliary language. Image by Brianski. 4/9 Sino-Tibetan Languages Sinitic Tibeto-Burman Chinese (Bai) (Tibetan) (Burmese) (Karen)  Mandarin Wu Yue Min Hakka Xiang Gan 北方話 吳 粵 客家 湘 贛 N E SW Minnan Minbei 閩南話 閩北話 5/9 6/9 Identifying Terms from Another Variety of Chinese Mark which expressions are used in Taiwan (with a check mark ?) and which are not (with an ?) 二層 人流 小販 公安 方便麵 水平 出租汽車 生字 冰棍 計程車 計算機 個體戶 高考 速食麵 普通話 詞匯 飯店 幹活 雷射 電腦 磁帶 墮胎 激光 錄音帶 錄像機 餐廳 聯考 聯系 韓國 7/9 Beijing and Taipei Varieties of Mandarin 1 台灣 大陸 English 國語 普通話 Mandarin 警察 公安 police 冰棒 冰棍 popsicle 計程車 出租汽車 taxi 聯考 高考 entrance exam 小販 個體戶 private seller 錄影機 錄像機 VCR 水準 水平 standard, level Teng, Shou-hsin and Lo Sun Perry. 1999. Taiwan Today: An Intermediate Course, 1999 Extended Edition. Tunghai University, Chinese Language Center. P. 249. 8/9 Beijing and Taipei Varieties of Mandarin 2 台灣 大陸 English 餐廳 飯店 restaurant 韓國 朝鮮 Korea 速食麵 方便麵 instant noodles 生字 詞匯 vocabulary 錄音帶 磁帶 cassette tape 聯絡 聯系 get in touch 二樓 二層 second floor 墮胎 人流 abortion 雷射 激光 laser Teng, Shou-hsin and Lo Sun Perry. 1999. Taiwan Today: An Intermediat