固溶时间对6061铝合金厚板不均匀性及残余应力的影响.docVIP

不同时间固溶后6061铝合金中厚板的组织、 性能及表面残余应力 李美春，邓运来，唐建国*，万里，张新明 (中南大学材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410083；有色金属材料科学与工程教育部重点实验室，长沙 410012） 摘要：采用拉伸、硬度和残余应力测试等方法研究了固溶保温时间对6061铝合金中厚板力学性能和表面应力的影响，采用光学显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射对其组织和织构进行观察分析，在此基础上，用位错单滑移晶体塑性模型，以Schmidt因子为桥梁计算分析了了板材织构组态对力学性能和残余应力的影响规律。研究结果表明：固溶时间从2h延长到4h，该中厚板在厚度方向的组织更加均匀，表层和心部各织构的取向密度差异更小；厚度方向的力学性能更均匀，残余应力更小；固溶保温造成的织构变化所引起的加权Schmidt因子的变化是固溶保温时间导致淬火残余应力变化的重要原因。 关键词：铝合金厚板；固溶时间；残余应力；织构 中图分类号： TG146.4 文章编号： Microstructure and properties of 6061 aluminum alloy thick plate and its residual stress with different solution treat time LI Mei-chun, DENG Yun-lai, TANG Jian-guo*, WAN Li, ZHANG Xin-ming (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China) Abstract：The mechanical properties along the thickness and residual stress of 6061 aluminum alloy plate was investigated by hardness, tensile test and hole drilling respectively. The microstructure and crystallographic texture of 6061 aluminum alloy plate was investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Then with the Schmidt factor based on single slip crystal plasticity, the influence of crystallographic texture on mechanical properties and residual stress distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the microstructure, orientation density and mechanical properties difference between surface and center layer and residual stress decrease with increasing solution heat treatment time 2h to 4h. The difference of residual stress of the plate is ascribed to evolution of crystallographic texture, which can be explained with the weighted mean value of Schmidt Factor. Key words: aluminum alloy thick plate; solution treatment time; residual stress; texture 0 引言 6061铝合金是可热处理强化的中高强度铝合金，具有良好的机械加工性能和抗腐蚀能力，广泛应用于要求具有一定强度和高抗蚀能力的各种结构件中，如汽车、船舶、轨道车辆等结构件[1]。改进铸造、轧制及热处理等工艺是提高该合金综合性能的重要途径。固溶和时效热处理是提