性激素Sexhormone人生殖器官包括主性器官与附性器官.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The hormones of pregnancy, including prolactin, estrogens, and progestins, stimulate development in the mammary glands. Lactation The End. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The cell membranes of the sperm head and of the oocyte fuse with each other to form a single cell The genetic material of the sperm and the oocyte combine to form a completely new cell genome, containing equal numbers of chromosomes and genes from mother and father Fertilization Two important genetic consequences The diploid chromosome number is restored (2n) The genetic sex of the zygote is determined (XX or XY) The spermatozoa determine the sex of the embryo. There are X - bearing spermatozoa and Y-bearing spermatozoa. The oocyte always contributes an X chromosome. Ovary Function Oogenesis Endocrine functions Steroid hormones Production of haploid gametes in females is called oogenesis. The full sequence of meiosis is not completed until fertilization. Oogenesis The development of an ovarian follicle and oocyte The ovaries contain 2 to 4 million eggs. Only a few (400) will be ovulated during a woman’s lifetime. All the others degenerate. Formation of the Corpus Luteum Menstrual/Ovarian cycle Ovarian Hormones Estrogens（雌激素） Estrone （E1） Estradiol （E2） Estriol （E3） Progestins （孕激素） Progesterone （P, 孕酮） Ovarian Hormones Synthesis Granulosa cell E Lutein cell P, E The two-stage model of estrogen synthesis holds that androgen precursors are synthesized in the outer layer (theca cells) of the ovarian follicles and diffuse to the inner layer (granulosa cells) for conversion to estrogens; LH drives the former, FSH the latter. Ovarian Hormones Transport in the blood Binding with Plasma albumin Specific estrogen- and progesterone-binding globulins Rapidly released to the tissues About 30 mins Functions of estrogens Functions of Progesterone Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle: monthly rhythmical changes in the rates of secretion of th