2017高考英语一轮复习专题19篇章结构题教学案资料.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 8 专题19　篇章结构题 考纲展示　命题探究 1　命题方式的特点 篇章结构题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章描述事件的发展、所说明事物的结构或论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推理、分析和总结的能力。 2　常见的设问方式 (1)How is the passage organized? (2)Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (3)The author develops the passage mainly by______. 3　篇章结构题的注意事项 考生在做该题型时要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。 　[考法综述]　该类题主要考查文章发展的脉络、各段落的层次关系以及写作手法，如举例、比较、类比等论证手法。 命题法1　段落组织方法 典例1　The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable, business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Full－sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the