土木工程专业英语教程 教学课件 ppt 作者 姜晨光 主编第8章 环境工程学.pptVIP

8 Environmental Engineering（环境工程学） 8.1 Introduction During the evolution of the U.S., the water, air, and land resources available to our forefathers were immeasurably vast. So vast, in fact, that they appeared to be of infinite proportions, and their use and consumption were taken for granted. However, as the population grew, it became clear that these resources, particularly a clean and abundant water supply, were not infinite and, in some cases, not even available. A case in point is the water supply problem that confronted New York almost from its inception. A visitor to New York in 1748 declared, “There is no good water to be met within the town itself”. In 1774, the city authorized a water system, but it was not until 1841, when the Croton Aqueduct was completed, that New Yorkers could experience cool, clean water for drinking, bath, and fire fighting. They could even dream about the luxury of indoor plumbing. Four years prior to 1841, a son was born to a humble British family in the Yorkshire town of Thorne, who was to make a major contribution regarding the handling of human waste products. The child’s name was Thomas Crapper. As the population of the U.S. continues to grow, greater demand is being placed on our natural resources. What were once adequate treatment and disposal methods now require far greater levels of cleanup before waste is discharged to water courses, the atmosphere, or onto the land. In essence, water, air, and land are no longer free economic goods, as has been assumed for so many years. The cost of using water, air, and land resources is the cleanup cost prior to their return to the environment. This section will deal with those broader topics in water treatment, wastewater treatment, air pollution, landfills, and incineration. 8.2 Air Pollution The quality of the ambient air is an issue that is a common denominator among all people throughout the world. This statement is based on the simple fact that to live everyone must breathe. De