商务英语综合教程上册课件刘玉玲主编 ISBN9787810789844Unit 3 IMF at a Glance.pptVIP

Unit Three Introduction In the summer of 1944, the United States government called for conference called United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in history, where the Bretton Woods Agreement was reached, namely, IMF agreement. The western industrialized nations realized that foreign trade would be necessary to quickly and effectively heal the wounds of war. In order to create a calm and stable foreign exchange market, officials from forty-five nations assembled for a historic meeting at Bretton Woods New Hampshire in the United States. In our daily life, we meet various kinds of advertisements every day. They have become an important part of our lives and economy. It’s difficult to say whether ads play good or bad roles in our lives. Text 1 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) came into official existence on December 27, 1945, when 29 countries signed its Articles of Agreement at a conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA, from July 1-22, 1944. The IMF began financial operations on March 1, 1947. Current Membership: 182 countries Staff: Approximately 2,600 from 110 countries Managing Director: Michel Camdessus assumed office in 1987 Governing Bodies: Board of Governors, Interim Committee, Executive Board Total Quotas: SDR 145 billion (US $195 billion) Accounting Unit: Special Drawing Right (SDR). As of September 10, 1998, SDR 1 equaled US $1.36163. 1. Interim Committee 2. Special Drawing Right (SDR) 3. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD or World Bank) 4. The Funds legal authority is based on an international treaty called the Articles of Agreement (Articles or the Agreement) which came into force in December 1945.　 5. The stand-by arrangements 6. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 8. Oil Facility Subsidy Account 10. The structural Adj