AP化学双语原子结构的演变.ppt

The law of conservation of matter The important law states that in chemical reactions matter is neither created nor destroyed. The law of constant composition The important law states that each pure chemical compound always has the same percentage composition of each element by mass. 定比定律，即每一种化合物，不论它是天然存在的，还是人工合成的，也不论它是用什么方法制备的，它的组成元素的质量都有一定的比例关系。 换成另外一种说法，就是每一种化合物都有一定的组成。 ⅠDalton’s Atomic Theory ⅠDalton’s Atomic Theory 1.All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles, called atoms, that can not be created nor destroyed. 2.Each element has atoms that are identical to each other in all of their properties, and these properties are different from the properties of all other atoms. ⅠDalton’s Atomic Theory 3.Chemical reactions are simple rearrangements of atoms from one combination to another in small whole number ratios. Joseph Proust proposes Law of definite proportions, which states that elements always combine in small, whole number ratios to form compounds. Atoms only combine in small whole number ratios such as 1:1 1:2 2:3 and so on. In oxides of nitrogen, such as N2O, NO, NO2, and N2O3 atoms combine in small whole number ratios. ⅠDalton’s Atomic Theory 3.Chemical reactions are simple rearrangements of atoms from one combination to another in small whole number ratios. ⅠDalton’s Atomic Theory 4. He proposed the law of multiple proportions.（倍比定律） The law of multiple proportions（倍比定律） In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry(化学计量学) used to establish the atomic theory, alongside the law of conservation of mass (matter) and the law of definite proportions. It is sometimes called Dalton‘s Law after its discoverer, the English chemist John Dalton, who published it in the first part of the first volume of his New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808). The law of multiple proportions（倍比定律） The statement of the law is: If two elements form more than one compound between them, then the ratios of the masses of