专升本英语语法之分词.pptVIP

非谓语动词之分词 非谓语动词包括分词,不定式和动名词，先看分词。 分词有现在分词和过去分词两种，属于非谓语动词（不作谓语的动词）。 现在分词时态语态： 1.现在分词作定语表动作正在进行（主动），过去分词强调完成（被动）。 We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人 There was a girl sitting there.　有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given.　　 这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting.　 没有有趣的东西 分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists 典型例题 1） The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.　 have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written 答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written 2）Whats the language ____ in Germany?　 A. speaking　B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：Whats the language （which is） spoken in German? 分词作状语 分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。例如： 1. Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。 =As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. 2. Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 =If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. 典型例题 1）____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed 答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army. 2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.　 A. followed　 B. following　 C. to be followed　 D. being followed 答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。 3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Heating　 B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat 答案C. 本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，… 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如： Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书