大气层的耗损Atmosphericabsorption-亚洲大学.ppt

Propagation concern for satellite communication systems-I: (衛星通訊系統的傳播顧慮) Attenuation and sky noise increase (衰減與天空雜訊之增加) Signal depolarization (訊號去極化) Refraction, atmospheric multi-path (折射, 大氣層多路徑折射) Signal scintillations (訊號閃爍) Atmospheric gases, cloud, rain, frequencies above about 10 GHz Rain, ice crystals, dual-polarization systems at C and Ku Bands Atmospheric gases, communication and tracking at low elevation angles Tropospheric (對流層) at frequencies above 10 GHz and low elevation angles; ionospheric (電離層) at frequencies below 10 GHz * * Chapter 4. Radio Wave Propagation 第四章 無線電波之傳播 亞洲大學 資訊工程學系碩士班 呂克明教授 二○○六年十月九日 Chapter 4. Radio Wave Propagation(第四章無線電波之傳播) Introduction (緒言) Propagation concern for satellite communication systems (衛星通訊系統的傳播顧慮) Atmospheric Losses (大氣層的耗損) Ionospheric Effects (電離層的效應) Rain Attenuation (雨衰) Other Propagation Impairments (其他傳播的損耗) Homework problems (習題) Introduction (緒言) A signal traveling between an earth station and a satellite must pass through the earth’s atmosphere, including the ionosphere, and this can introduce certain impairments (losses). Layers in the earth’s atmosphere: Troposphere (對流層, 同溫層下之大氣層, 在此層中雲形成, 對流擾亂發生,溫度隨高度而減低): 0-90 km (D layer 50-90 km, disappear after sunset) Ionosphere (電離層): 90-400 km (E layer, or Kennelly-Heaviside [discovered in 1902 explained Italian G. Marconi {1874-1937}’s experiment in 1901] Layer, 90-150 km F layer 150-400 km) Free space: above 600 km Propagation concern for satellite communication systems-II: (衛星通訊系統的傳播顧慮) Reflection multi-path, blockage (多路徑反射, 阻隔) Propagation delays, variation (傳播延遲, 變數) Inter-systems interference (衛星系統的干擾) Mobile satellite services (移動衛星通訊) Precise timing and location systems (精準時間與位置) ; time-division multiple access (TDMA, 時分多址) systems Mainly C band at present; rain scatter may be significant at higher frequencies Atmospheric Losses(大氣層的耗損) Atmospheric absorption (大氣層的吸收): energy absorbed by the atmospheric gases. Atmospheric atten