定语从句-名词性从句-同位语从句-及其区别.pptxVIP

同位语从句 定语从句 名词性从句 名词性从句 名词性从句 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词（5个）： that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略） whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though （[1]均表示“好像”，“似乎”） ◆以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词（10个）： what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever 连接副词（7个）： when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词。 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 3. 在从句中做成分的连词. 定语从句 定语从句定义： 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句. ：关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) e.g. 1：This is the detective who came from London. 2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 一 关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom.例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略.例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念.在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人.例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中. (6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物.指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人.Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的. (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who. (8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that.例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用 which.例如： Is there anyone here who will