276Links between recognition and degradation of cytoplasmic viral RNA in innate immune response英文学习资料 .pdfVIP

Rev. Med. Virol. Published online in Wiley Online Library () Reviews in Medical Virology DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1865 R E V I E W Links between recognition and degradation of cytoplasmic viral RNA in innate immune response * Hiroyuki Oshiumi , Edin J. Mifsud and Takuji Daito Laboratory for Biologics Development, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan S U M M A RY Recognition and degradation of viral RNA are essential for antiviral innate immune responses. Cytoplasmic viral RNA is recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors, which trigger type I interferon (IFN) production. Secreted type I IFN activates ubiquitously expressed type I IFN receptor and induces IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). To suppress viral replication, several nucleases degrade viral RNA. RNase L is an ISG with endonuclease activity that degrades viral RNA, producing small RNA that activates RIG-I, resulting in the amplification of type I IFN production. Moreover, recent studies have elucidated novel links between viral RNA recognition and degradation. The RNA exosome is a protein complex that includes nucleases and is essential for host and viral RNA decay. Although the small RNAs produced by the RNA exosome do not activate RIG-I, several accessory factors of the RNA exosome promote RIG-I activation. Zinc-finger antiviral protein (Z