第二十一章-转录的调控(Regulation.pptVIP

Chapter 21 Regulation of Transcription 21.1 Introduction21.2 Response elements identify genes under common regulation21.3 There are many types of DNA-binding domains21.4 A zinc finger motif is a DNA-binding domain21.5 Steroid receptors are transcription factors21.6 Steroid receptors have zinc fingers21.7 Binding to the response element is activated by ligand-binding21.8 Steroid receptors recognize response elements by a combinatorial code21.9 Homeodomains bind related targets in DNA21.10 Helix-loop-helix proteins interact by combinatorial association21.11 Leucine zippers are involved in dimer formation21.12 Transcription initiation requires changes in chromatin structure21.13 Chromatin remodeling is an active process21.14 Activation of transcription requires changes in nucleosome organization at the promoter21.15 Histone acetylation and deacetylation control chromatin activity21.16 Polycomb and trithorax are antagonistic repressors and activators21.17 An LCR may control a domain21.18 Insulators block enhancer actions21.19 Insulators can vary in strength21.20 A domain has several types of elements21.21 Gene expression is associated with demethylation 21.22 CpG islands are regulatory targets Activation of gene structureInitiation of transcriptionProcessing the transcriptTransport to cytoplasmTranslation of mRNA Table 21.1 Incucible transcription factors bind to response elements that identify groups of promoters or enhancers subject to coordinate control. Figure 21.1 The regulatory region of a human metallothionein gene contains regulator elements in both its promoter and enhancer. The promoter has elements for metal induction; an enhancer has an element for response to glucocorticoid. Promoter elements are shown above the map, and proteins that bind them are indicated below. Figure 21.2 The activity of a regulatory transcription factor may be controlled by synthesis of protein, covalent modification of protein, ligand binding, or binding of