水泥专业外文翻译---波特兰水泥的制造.docxVIP

外文资料 Manufactre of Portland Cement Portland cement is made from some of the Earths most abundant materials.About two - thirds of it is derived from calcium oxide, whose source is usually some form of lime - stone (calcium carbonate),marls,chalk, or shells(for exam-ple oyster).The other ingredients - silica SiO2,about 20% ; alumina,Al2O3,about 5%; and iron oxide, Fe2O3 about 3%-are derived from sand shales, clays, coal ash, and iron ore metal slags. Because the individual ingredients must be fused and sintered to produce new compounds, they must be ground to pass a 200- mesh screen in order to react within a reasonable time in the kiln. In addition, the composition of the raw materials must be held within narrow lim-its of the above oxides to produce a useful product. Other elemental oxides which can be detrimental to the cement must be limited, these include magne-sium MgO ; potassium oxide K2O ; sodium oxide, and phosphorus oxide, P2O5.After blending to the proper composition, the raw materials are interground in bail mills, rod mills,or roller mills. Depending on the raw material characteris-tics, they are ground either dry (dry process) or in water(wet process). The re-sultant raw feed is introduced into the kiln system usually a rotary kiln, where the material is heated to about 2700F(1482℃). The material progressively loses first the water then the carbon dioxide CO2 , at about 1750F(954℃), and at about 2300F(1260℃), a small amount at liquid phase forms. This liquid is the medium through which the higher - melting phases are formed. The resultant product, called clinker because the whole never truly melts, is cooled and again ground,in ball mills to such a fineness that about 90% will pass a screen having 325 openings per linear inch. The final product has a texture much like face pow-der. During grinding, about 5% of calcium sulfate (gypsum or anhydride) is added to control setting time,strength development, and other properties. The major trend in manufactur