农业女性化与农业生产GenderandAgricultural-MacroScan.pptVIP

The Role of Women on Agriculture in China Liqin Zhang College of Economics Management China Agricultural University liq-zh@263.net Background China had 30 years rapid economic growth (GDP per capita grew at 8.5% per year) Agriculture lost comparative advantage with industry. In 2011, GDP from agriculture is only 10%. The world largest labor migration from rural to urban area. In 2012, there are about 266 million migrants. With the dramatic change, is there feminization of agriculture in China? What’s the role of them played on agriculture? Data The data set used in this paper was collected by the survey department of the Rural Center for Rural Economy, a research unit affiliated with the China ?Ministry of Agriculture. The survey unit has designed and administered one of the most comprehensive farm household surveys in China over the past 20 years. The samples of this paper include 8000 rural households and about 32000 individuals from 9 provinces in 2003-2009. The provinces include Shanxi, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan and Shaanxi. Measure feminization of farm labor Working days by gender in rural area Women Men Farm Non-farm Farm Non-farm 2003 95 95 85 107 2004 96 96 85 155 2005 93 97 84 155 2006 87 99 77 160 2007 80 107 72 165 2008 77 101 70 162 2009 76 105 68 165 Especially after 2007, rural women’s agricultural working days decrease significantly as men, but are still higher than men’s. Measure feminization of farm labor Working days by gender and age in rural area Farm Non-farm 2003 2006 2009 2003 2006 2009 Women 16-25 36.48 30.57 33.17 171.50 173.72 163.17 25-35 80.16 64.64 50.21 126.77 141.93 163.09 35-40 122.47 113.86 98.18 93.47 104.46 122.73 45-55 125.96 113.83 99.83 57.11 65.93 81.24 55-65 72.02 72.70 63.39 25.46 25.68 29.89 Men 16-25 39.82 28.53 27.18 183.33 194.49 198.35 25-35 55.80 46.34 39.03 198.37 210.28 219.33 35-40 95.49 84.92 69.15 166.11 181.18 194.63 45-55 118.84 102.94 92.19 12