初高中衔接(时态与语态)(上课).pptVIP

初高中英语衔接教学 －－谓语动词的时态和语态 谓语动词的时态和语态 谓语动词的时态：动作发生的时间决定了动词的形态。 时间 名 称 主动形态(以do为例） 现 在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过 去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 将 来 一般将来时 do 或does is (am/ are) doing have/ has done did was/ were doing had done would do或was/ were going to do will do 、shall do 或 is / am / are going to do 1.一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时动词+s的变化规则 1)直接加s. 如：get/gets play/plays 2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加es. 如：watch/watches 3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加es. 如：study/studies 2.现在/过去进行时：动词+ing 变化规则 1) 直接加ing. 如：climb/climbing 2) 去e加ing. 如：write/writing 3) 双写加ing. 如：run/running 3. A) 规则动词的过去式、过去分词：动词+ed 一般过去时：变为过去式 现在/过去完成时：have/has/had+过去分词; 被动语态：be+过去分词 1.直接在词尾加-ed. 如：ask--asked 2.以不发音e结尾的动词直接加d. 如：arrive--arrived 3.辅音字母+y 结尾，y改成i+ed. 如：study—studied 元音字母+y 结尾，直接+ed 如：played 4.双写最后的辅音字母再加ed. 如：stop—stopped B)不规则动词的过去式、过去分词（见不规则动词表） 如：be－was/were- been give give/ gives 2) is / am/ are giving 3) have/ has given 4) gave 5) was/ were giving 6) had given 7) would give was/ were going to give 8) will give is/ am / are going to give learn 1) learn/ learns 2) is/ am/ are learning 3) have/ has learned 4) learned 5) was/ were learning 6) had learned 7) would learn was/ were going to learn 8) will learn is/ am/ are going to learn 如何判断谓语动词的时态（动作发生的时间） 一.一般现在时 (do/ does) (表示客观事实或真理; 表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态. 常用的时间状语有sometimes / often / always /usually/ seldom/ every (morning…) / on Sundays / in the morning等 ) future past now The earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100℃. 3. We always care for each other and help each other. 4. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. 5. Columbus proved that the earth is round. future past now 二. 一般过去时 (did) (表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作. 常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示). 时间状语有:last week / two days ago / the other day / in 1990 /this morning / just now/ in the past/ yesterday/ often等. 注意: 凡有具体的过去时