现代英语词汇学概论chapter1.pptVIP

* 1.1 An overview of English vocabulary What is a word? The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. Words are formed by morphemes Bloomfield distinguishes between two types of linguistic forms: free form and bound form ( 自由形位和粘附形位） * The term word refers to the fundamental unit of a given language, with sound and meaning( lexical and grammatical) , capable of performing a given syntactic function(句法功能)(a word acts as a structural unit of a sentence). * All the words in a language together constitute what is known as its vocabulary. * Lexicology: What is lexicology? lexicology lexic- -ology eg. biology psychology … Lexicon lexis vocabulary Briefly, it is the “science of the word”, and a branch of linguistics dealing with vocabulary of a language. * Lexicology the study of the lexis in human language (Howard Jackson Etienne Z? 2001, 陆国强 1999， et.al) general lexicology special lexicology study the universal principles study the lexis in a special language * Notes: lexis “词汇学” 可以定义为 “对某一种语言的词汇(lexis)的研究” 。 “词汇” 在英语里可以用vocabulary、 lexis和lexicon来表示 ,三个术语大致上是同义的 ,但是 ,vocabulary比较口语化、lexicon比较学术化、 而lexis界乎两者之间。(汪榕培) * 1.2 Development of English vocabulary The World Languages It is estimated that there are about 5000 languages all over the world, which can be grouped into about 300 language families, such as Sino-Tibetan Family, Indo-European Family, Altaic Family, and so on. Chinese is a member in the Sino-Tibetan Family, while English is a member in the Indo-European Family. the criteria to divide language families ? 1. the basis of similarities in their basic word stock 2. grammar * 1.2.1 Historical development of English vocabulary The history of the English language is divided into three periods. Old English (449-1100) Middle English (1100-1500) Modern English (1500-present) * The Old English (450-1100) The history of the English language begins with th