介词加关系代词与关系副词.ppt

▲注意:在介词+which/whom引导定语从句结构中，有时在其前可加名词，代词，数词等。如： No one wants the room the windows of which are broken.(“…的”，所属关系) The old man has three sons, all of whom are doctors.(整体的一部分或全部) Last Sunday I bought several books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(整体的一部分或全部) (3)根据定语从句的意义来决定 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 关系副词 ： 在定语从句中，当表示时间、地点、原因的名词作先行词时，且先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词when,where,why. 关系副词-----when , where, why 1.when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词 （如:time,day,year,week,month,morning,evening等）,在从句中作时间状语 when可换成“at/in/on/during等介词+关系代词”。 e.g. I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing. My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out. 2. where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如:place,room,house,hotel,school,city等)，在从句当中作地点状语。 when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如： This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young. My father was born in the place where (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out. 3. why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason 后,表示原因，在从句当中做原因状语，相当于 for+which There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished. Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school. Comparing and discovering (2)当point, situation, case, position, stage, condition等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等抽象意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了 We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.我们正处在可能损失一笔钱的境地。 Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 你能想到一种使用这个短语的情况吗？ 小结:关系词的选择 1.找先行词 2.先行词在从句中作什么成分 （1）主语、宾语、表语、定语-----关系代词 状语------关系副词 （2）先行词前是否需要介词 要----关系副词 不要----关系代词 关系词及其用法小结 关系代词 指代 在定从中 省略否 who whom whose which that 人 作主语 不省 人 作宾语 可省 人/物(的) 作定语(+n) 不省 事/物 作主语/宾语 作宾语时可省 人/物 作主语/宾语 作宾语时可省 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略 that 关系副词 指代 在定从中 省略否 when where why 介词+which 作时间状语 介词+which 介词for+which 作地点状语 作原因状语 不省 不省 不省 不可以省略 辨析 which or where/when/why 在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语 * * * U