his教材资料tocompatibilitycomplex(主要组织相容性复合体).pptVIP

2. Cellular distribution class Ⅱmolecules are expressed on B cells Mφ Dendritic cells Vascular endothelial cells Functions Antigen processing and presenting (exogeneous pathway): both pathogens in cellular vesicles and those come from outside the cell are presented on MHC class Ⅱmolecules of APCs and are transported to the cell surface where they can be recognized by CD4 + T cell Involve in transplant rejection Regulation of immune response T cell development in the thymus Non-classical HLA (HLA-Ⅰb) Differentiation or activation states Disease Cytokines Factors influencing the expression of HLA molecules （1）内源性抗原提呈：抗原 ? 靶细胞? 组成HLAⅠ类分子-抗原肽复合物 ? 表达于细胞膜表面 ? CD8+T细胞识别。 （2）外源性抗原提呈：抗原 ? APC ?HLAⅡ类分子-抗原肽复合物 ? 表达于细胞膜表面 ? CD4+T细胞识别。 HLA与疾病的关系 （一）R.R (relative risk，相对危险率) R.R值越大相关性越强。 （二）举例 1.强直性脊柱炎与B27 2.胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（IDDM）与DR3、DR4 病人（Ag+/Ag-） 对照（Ag+/Ag-） ＝ Significance of MHC Control of immune response MHC restriction: The ability of T lymphocytes to respond only when they are presented with the appropriate antigen in association with either “self” MHC class Ⅰor classⅡmolecules. Ir gene (immune response gene) 血清学 细胞学 分子生物学 实验方法 补体介导的微量细胞毒试验 混合淋巴细胞培养法（MLC) 分子生物学技术 原理 抗体(HLA分型) + 淋巴细胞(受者) + 补体?淋巴细胞受损 ? 判定结果（细胞死亡百分率） 单向法 双向法 比较供、受者编码HLA抗原基因的 DNA序列，判定供、受者间的相似程度。 主要应用 检测HLA-A、B、C抗原 检测DR抗原 HLA分型法原理及应用 Graft rejection and tissue matching Autoimmune disease susceptibility Summury Key points The definitions of MHC and HLA. The composition of HLA gene complex The structure, distribution and functions of MHC class Ⅰand Ⅱmolecules. CHAPTER 11THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX Introduction Major histocompatibility antigen system Major histocompatibility complex: A large genetic locus that includes the highly polymorphic genes encoding the peptide-binding molecules recognized by T lymphocytes. The MHC locus also includes genes encoding cytokines, molecules involved in antigen processing, a