牛顿运动定律英文版.docVIP

Newtons first law Main article: \o Newtons laws of motion Newtons laws of motion#Newtons first law Newtons first law of motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external \o Net force net force or resultant force. [10] This law is an extension of Galileos insight that constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force (see a more detailed description of this below). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate \o Inertia inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium natural state in place of the Aristotelian idea of the natural state of rest. That is, the first law contradicts the intuitive Aristotelian belief that a net force is required to keep an object moving with constant velocity. By making rest physically indistinguishable from non-zero constant velocity, Newtons first law directly connects inertia with the concept of \o Galilean relativity relative velocities. Specifically, in systems where objects are moving with different velocities, it is impossible to determine which object is in motion and which object is at rest. In other words, to phrase matters more technically, the laws of physics are the same in every \o Inertial frame of reference inertial frame of reference, that is, in all frames related by a \o Galilean transformation Galilean transformation. For example, while traveling in a moving vehicle at a \o wiktionary:Constant constant \o Velocity velocity, the laws of physics do not change from being at rest. A person can throw a ball straight up in the air and catch it as it falls down without worrying about applying a force in the direction the vehicle is moving. This is true even though another person who is observing the moving vehicle pass by also observes the ball follow a curving \o Parabola parabolic path in the same direction as the motion of the vehicle. It is the inertia of the ball associated with its constant velocity in the directio