华工成型技术重点第一部分总结.docxVIP

Metal-Casting Processes and Equipment Casting(铸造)basically involves pouring molten metal into a mold cavity where, upon solidification (凝固), it takes the shape of the cavity(模腔). Main Advantages of casting： 1) Casting can produce complex shapes with internal cavities or hollow sections. 2) It can produce very large parts. 3) It can utilize workpiece materials that are difficult or uneconomical to process by other means. 4) Casting is competitive with other processes. 10、Fundamentals of Materials Forming 10.1 Introduction Basic casting process：1)Pouring molten metal (熔融金属) into a mold (铸型);2) Allowing it to cool;3)Removing the metal from the mold Important considerations in casting operation： 1) The flow of the molten metal into the mold cavity 2) The solidification and cooling of the metal in the mold 3) The influence of the type of mold material 10.2 Solidification of Metals Solidification process：the process of Nucleation(形核) and Grain growth(晶粒生长) Nucleation(形核)：Ultra-fine(超细的) crystallites (nuclei) form from the liquid. The methods of nucleation ：homogeneous nucleation(均匀形核) and heterogeneous nucleation(非均匀形核) Grain growth(晶粒生长)：Nuclei begin to grow as atoms are attached to the nuclei until no liquid remains. The methods of grain growth：Planar Growth (平面状生长) and Dendritic Growth (枝晶生长) 10.2.1Pure Metals Pure Metal has a clearly defined melting point (熔点), so it solidifies at a constant temperature Chill zone激冷晶区(表面细晶)；Equiaxed grai等轴晶；Columnar grain柱状晶 Fig. 10.1 Schematic illustration of three cast structures of metals solidified in a square mold: (a) pure metals; (b) solid-solution alloys; and (c) structure obtained by using nucleating agents 图10.1是金属三种铸造结构在方形模具中的示意图：(a)纯金属; (b)固溶体合金;(c)通过使用成核剂得到的结构 Fig.10.2 Development of a preferred texture at a cool mold wall 图10.2是在冷却模腔中晶粒首先发展的纹理 10.2.2 Alloys Solidification in alloys begins when the temperature drops below the liquidus ,TL and is completed when itreaches the solidus, TS. Within this temperature range