美国文学简史复习要.docVIP

美国文学简史复习纲要 ?Colonial Period殖民时期?(1600s-1790s) ?American Puritanism美国清教主义：self-examination/self-improvement I.??????????????????JonathanEdwards (1703-1758)：Calvinist加尔文教徒 II.???????????????BenjaminFranklin本杰明富兰克林?(1706-1790) (1)??????PoorRichard’s Almanac (2)??????The Autobiography自传 ?Early AmericanRomanticism早期美国浪漫主义时期（1800s-1840s） 1.????????features (1)??????As alogical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticismwas both?imitative and independent. II.???????????????WashingtonIrving华盛顿欧文?(1783-1859) 1.????????several names attached to Irving (1)??????firstAmerican writer (2)??????themessenger sent from the new world to the old world (3)??????father ofAmerican literature美国文学之父 2.????????works (1)??????The Sketch Book见闻札记:?Rip Van Winkle,?The Legend of Sleepy Hollow III.????????????JamesFenimore Cooper库柏?(1789-1851) 1.????????works (1)??????Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子故事集?: TheDeerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer, The Prairie 2.????????literary achievements Cooper’s?Leatherstocking Taleseffectively approximates the American national experience of adventure into theWest. He turned the west and frontier as a useable past and he helped tointroduce western tradition to American literature. Summitof Romanticism –?New EnglandTranscendentalism/AmericanRenaissance新英格兰超验主义---美国浪漫主义鼎盛时期(1840s-) I.??????????????????Appearance提出?1836,“Nature” by Emerson爱默生、《论自然》 II.???????????????Features 1.????????spirit/oversoul 2.????????importance of individualism 3.????????nature – symbol of spirit/God 4.????????focus in intuition (irrationalism andsubconsciousness) III.????????????Influence 1.????????It helped to create the first American renaissance美国文学复兴?– one ofthe most prolific period in American literature、independent Americanculture. IV.?????????????RalphWaldo Emerson（1802-1882） 1.????????works (1)??????Nature—the manifesto ofAmerican Transcendentalism.《论自然》的发表是美国超验主义出现的标志。 (2)???????The American Scholar《美国学者》regarded as the “Declara