科技英语综合教程编写-教参.doc

Unit 1 Sources of Energy Text A Petroleum Sentence structure analysis 1. Instead of originating in accumulating woody matter, petroleum may be the product of the accumulating fatty matter of ocean organisms such as plankton, the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean. (Para.2) 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。 这是一个简单句，主语petroleum，谓语动词may be，表语product，构成句子主干。instead of 介词短语作状语，such as plankton是product一词的同位语，the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean是名词性短语，做plankton的同位语。 2. It is only necessary that the organisms settle down into the ooze underlying shallow arms of the ocean under conditions of oxygen shortage. (Para. 3) 生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。 该句的框架为：it is +adj.+that从句，it做形式主语，真正的主语是that从句的内容。现在分词短语underlying…做后置定语修饰ooze。 Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, engines were developed which were powered by the explosions of mixtures of air and inflammable vapors within the cylinders. (Para. 9) 然而，到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。 该句为复合句，句子的主干是engines are developed, which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词engines；toward the end of the nineteenth century介词短语作时间状语。 Such internal combustion engines are more compact than earlier steam engines and can be made to start at a moment’s notice, whereas steam engines require a waiting period while the water reserve warms to the boiling point. (Para. 10) 这种内燃机与蒸汽机相比，机身小巧，可以瞬间启动；而蒸汽机需要一定时间，等待储水加热到沸点。 该句是由whereas连接的并列句；在前一个分句中包含and连接的两个并列成分，而后一个分句中包含while 引导的时间状语从句。 5. There is another complication in the fact that petroleum is not nearly so evenly distributed as coal is. (Para. 14) 还有另一种复杂情况，即石油的分布不如煤的分布均匀。 该句的主句是There is another complication in the fact，that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容。 6. Kuwait, for instance, which is a small nation at the head of the Persian Gulf, with an area only three-fourths that of Massachusetts and a population of about half a million, possesses about one-fifth of all the known petroleum