西安工业信号检测与估计SDE_01bRADAR.pptVIP

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西安工业信号检测与估计SDE_01bRADAR.ppt

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05-02-29 SDE_01 introduction 雷达原理和系统Radar Principles and Systems 雷斌QQ leibin@ gropemind@163.com Two Basic Radar Types Pulse Transmission脉冲雷达 Continuous Wave连续波雷达 Pulse Diagram Pulse Radar Components Continuous Wave Radar Continual energy transmission Separate transmit/receive antennas Relies on “DOPPLER SHIFT” Doppler Frequency Shifts Continuous Wave Radar Components Pulse Vs. Continuous Wave Pulse Echo Single antenna Gives range, usually altitude as well Susceptible to jamming Range determined by PW and PRF Continuous Wave Requires 2 antennae Range or Altitude info High SNR More difficult to jam but easily deceived Can be tuned to look for frequencies RADAR Wave Modulation Amplitude Modulation Vary the amplitude of the carrier sine wave Frequency Modulation Vary the frequency of the carrier sine wave Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Vary the amplitude of the pulses Pulse-Frequency Modulation Vary the Frequency at which the pulses occur Antenna Two Basic Purposes: Radiates Radio Energy in a focused beam. Receives reflected echo signals from targets and directs it to the receiver. Must Be 1/2 of the Wave Length for the maximum wave length employed Wide Beam pattern for Search, Narrow for Track Antenna Beam Forming Radar Beams (Lobes)雷达波瓣 Radar Beam Width The angular size of the beam in two dimensions. Tactical application determines beam requirement Decrease beam width, increase accuracy of angular resolution. Field Strength Measured in Watts/m2 Beamwidth Vs. Accuracy波瓣宽度和分辨率方位角测量Determining Azimuth Angular Measurement 高度测量Determining Altitude Stacked Beam Concentrating Radar Energy Through Beam Formation Linear Arrays 线阵 Uses following principles Wave summation (constructive interference) Wave cancellation (destructive interference) Made up of two or more simple ? wave antennae Example – Aegis Radar Quasi-optical 准光学 Uses reflectors反射体 and “lenses”透镜 to shape the beam 反射体形状Reflector Shape Paraboloid抛物面 - Conical Scan used for fire control