18-19学年高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection Section Ⅲ 选修8.pptVIP

5 6 1 2 3 4 6.Grammar被动语态 1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: (1)一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词) Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不能触摸展览品。 (2)现在完成时:has/have been done All the preparations for the task have been completed,and we’re ready to start. 这项工作的所有准备工作已经完成,我们准备开始。 5 6 1 2 3 4 (3)现在进行时:am/is/are being done A new cinema is being built here. 这儿正在修建一座新的电影院。 (4)一般过去时:was/were done I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 我被给予十分钟来决定是否应该拒绝这项提议。 (5)过去完成时:had been done By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 到去年为止,在北京已经建成另一个新体育馆。 (6)过去进行时:was/were being done A meeting was being held when I was there. 当我到那儿时,会议正在进行中。 5 6 1 2 3 4 (7)一般将来时:shall/will be done/be going to be done/be about to be done/be to be done Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 如果工厂关闭,将会失去成百上千份工作。 (8)过去将来时:should/would be done;was/were going to be done;was/were about to be done;was/were to be done The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as possible. 消息应尽快传到这名士兵的母亲那里。 5 6 1 2 3 4 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 (1)非谓语动词的被动语态(此部分是本单元的语法重点) ①不定式的被动语态:由“to be+过去分词”构成。如: He needs to be taken care of. 他需要人照顾。 Not a sound was to be heard. 听不到一点声音。 温馨提示有时用不定式的完成被动式(to have been+过去分词): I would like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我。 5 6 1 2 3 4 ②v.-ing的被动语态:由“being+过去分词”构成。 The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。 Having been invited to speak,I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。 He objected to being treated as a child. 他反对被当成孩子看待。 ③过去分词没有被动式 过去分词本身可以表示被动意义,但它没有相应的被动语态形式。 The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 5 6 1 2 3 4 (2)情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care of by the babysitter. 孩子应该由保姆照看好。 (3)使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 其被动结构:A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了大楼。 (