DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS - University of Texas at Austin样本均值的分布在奥斯汀的德克萨斯大学.pdfVIP

DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS A. Concepts 1. Special relationships obtain among z, PR, and area under the standard normal curve for raw scores a. IFF (if and only if) the original distribution is normal b. but we can use the Central Limit Theorem and a sampling distribution to use the standard normal curve on samples from populations that are not distributed normally Concepts (cont’d) 2. we’ll use the sampling distribution of the mean,x 3. also called the distribution of sample means 4. this is a theoretical distribution Concepts (cont’d) 5. there are three steps in generating a theoretical sampling distribution a. every sample generating the sample statistic is drawn randomly from the same population b. the sample size, n, is the same for all samples c. the number of samples is very large Concepts (cont’d) 6. for example, the x distribution tends to be normal for any distribution of x, no matter how skewed the original distribution is Refer to Busha Harter (1980, p. 256, Figure 10.6), means of 10 hypothetical random samples B. Central Limit Theorem 1. these concepts apply because of the Central Limit Theorem 2. Roscoe (1975, p. 163) As the number of samples of the same size is taken from the same population and their means computed, “the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution with a mean µ and variance σ2 / N ,” where N is the number of observations in each sample – we would use n instead Central Limit Theorem (cont’d) 3. the sampling distribution of the mean, also called the distribution of sample means, approaches the normal as the number of x ’s increases C. Values related to the distribution of sample means, also called the sampling distribution of the mean 1. the mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is µ, the popu