2018-硕士生英语备课资料unit-3.doc

PAGE 硕士生英语备课资料 第PAGE 3 页 共 NUMPAGES 4 页 英语试题 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 3 页 翻译 He always drives pigs to market at night. Unit 3 Text C Maslow on Happiness Abraham Maslow essentially made self-fulfillment and happiness a central part of his lifes work. In a break from the other experts of his time, he wanted to understand what motivated the great people of history and to understand human potential; he wanted to know what humans are capable of as their healthiest self. Hierarchy of needs One of Maslow’s lasting and most significant contributions to psychology is what he calls the “hierarchy of needs.” In his quest to understand human motivation and the pursuit of happiness, he formulated a list of basic human needs that had to be fulfilled for maximum psychological health. Through his interviews and studies, he came to categorize a hierarchical list of needs that need be fulfilled for increasing life satisfaction: Physiological needs The Physiological Needs such as breathing, food, drink, sleep, sex, excretion are largely (and obviously) biological and physical requirements. When they are not fulfilled, people become preoccupied with filling those needs above all else. For example, starving people in a war zone can be oblivious to danger when in search of food. Safety needs Once the basic needs are fulfilled, other needs invariably arise. In Maslow’s hierarchy, the safety needs come after the physiological needs. Maslow used the word “safety” to mean more than just physical safety. Economic, social, vocational, psychological security all fall underneath this second tier of human needs. While safety needs are less immediate or demanding than the physiological needs, when one loses one’s job, family, home, life savings, health insurance, etc, one is likely to feel terribly insecure and unprotected. Fulfilling the safety needs might be likened to providing a bumper or airbags on a car; whil