神经系总论、周围神经系统概述.pptVIP

Introduction of the nervous system神经系统总论 郑州大学医学院解剖教研室 Functions Divisions Central nervous system (CNS) 1. Brain （脑） 2. Spinal cord （脊髓） Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Cranial n. （脑神经 12 pairs) Spinal n. (脊神经 31 pairs) Somatic n. （躯体神经） Visceral n. （内脏神经） 构造 Synapses 常用术语 Spinal nerve general intyoduction脊神经总论 郑州大学医学院解剖教研室 General description Functional components 1. Somatic efferent nerve fibers 躯体传出纤维(SE): fibers that transmit motor impulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscles. 2. Visceral efferent nerve fibers内脏传出纤维(VE): fibers that transmit motor impulses from spinal cord to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands. 3. Somatic afferent nerve fibers躯体传入纤维(SA): fibers that transmit exteroceptive and proprioceptive impulses from body to spinal cord 4. Visceral afferent nerve fibers内脏传入纤维(VA): fibers that transmit interoceptive impulses from the viscera to spinal cord Branches of spinal nerves The Spinal Nerves 郑州大学医学院解剖教研室 一、Cervical plexus 颈丛 Formation: anterior rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves Position: lies in front of the origin of levator scapulae and scalenus medius and deep to the superior part of the sternocleidomastoid 分支： 1、皮支 2、肌支 Cutaneous branches Emerge around middle of posterior border of sternocleidomastoid, to supply skin of neck and scalp 枕小神经 耳大神经 颈横神经 锁骨上神经 Muscular branches supply the deep muscles of neck Phrenic nerve anterior rami of C3-C5 to diaphragm (motor and sensory) Descends over scalenus anterior to enter thorax Sensory fibers supply to pleurae, pericardium and peritoneum of diaphragm; usually right phrenic nerve may be distributed on live, gallbladder and biliary system. Phrenic nerve 二、Brachial plexus 臂丛 Formation: Formed by anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1 spinal nerves Position: Passes through the scalene fissure to posterosuperior of subclavian artery, then enters the axilla to form three cords Main branche 1、Musculocutaneous nerve 2、Median nerve 3、Ulnar nerve 4