用微扰理论研究氦原子及类氦离子的基态能量.docxVIP

PAGE SHANDONGＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ　ＯＦ　ＴＥＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹ 毕业论文 用微扰理论研究氦原子及类氦离子Li+的基态能量 学 院： 理学院 专 业： 物理学 学生姓名： 王歌娜 学 号： 0712202626 指导教师： 冯东太 2011 年 6 月 中文摘要 - PAGE I - 摘 要 对于一维谐振子及氢原子这样的简单体系的薛定谔方程，利用量子力学理论可精确求解，得到体系的能量及波函数。然而在处理大量实际问题时，体系的哈密顿量比较复杂，像氦原子及类氦离子Li+这样的简单体系都无法求出其本征方程的精确解，只能采用一些近似方法求出其近似解。论文即采用微扰理论研究氦原子及类氦离子Li+ 的基态能量，计算结果考虑到一级近似。 用一级微扰理论求出氦原子及类氦离子Li+ 的基态能量分别为 -74.828eV 和 -193.871eV ，二者的实验值分别为 -79.010eV 和 -198.087eV。计算值与实验值偏差较小，说明微扰理论的成功。 论文还介绍了变分法，由于试探波函数已计及屏蔽效应，变分法的计算结果优于微扰论一级近似结果。 关键词：微扰理论，氦原子及类氦原子Li+，基态能量 英文摘要 - PAGE 21 - Abstract For the simple system such as one-dimensional harmonic oscillator or hydrogen atoms, the Schrodinger equation can be exact solution by using quantum mechanics theory. We can get the energy and wave function of the system. However, in many practical problems, the Hamiltonian of the system was complicated. Even for the simple system, like helium atom and helium-like ion Li+, the exact solution of Schrodinger equation could not be found out. Only some approximation method was used to calculate the approximate solution. The perturbation theory for the ground state energy of helium atom and helium-like ion Li+ is used in this paper and the first-level revision of the energy is calculated. According to the perturbation theory, the ground state energy of helium atom is-74.828eV and the ground state energy of helium-like ion Li+ is -193.871eV. The experimental value of helium atom and helium-like ion Li+ was -79.010eV and -198.087eV. The theoretical calculating value is in accordance with experimental value exactly. That shows the perturbation method works. The variational method for the ground state energy of helium atom and helium-like ion Li+ is introduced in this paper as well. Duo to the shielding action is included in the trial wave function, the calculated result of the variational method is better than that of the perturbation theory. Key words: perturbation theory, helium atom and helium-like ion Li+,