战后欧洲-讲座3-福利社会.pptVIP

The Welfare state and the European Social Model Program of social reforms were needed to keep population motivated for the pursuit of war After the war, it became the need to secure political support of broad section of society for institutions of liberal democracy Reforms (such as the National Health Scheme 1948) were quickly introduced by labour party but UK never went as far in the development of public services as logical extension of notion of social property This is the “anglo-saxon” liberal model (UK, USA), defined by its minimal provision of “safety-nets” (typology of Danish sociologist G?sta Esping-Andersen) The Welfare state and the European Social Model The focus on the link between wage labour and the notion of social property defined “continental” model of welfare that grew in 1950s and 1960s Continental model (France, Germany, Belgium etc.) was based on Christian-democratic values: Welfare-regime centred on employment, with a social insurance system at its heart – served to maintain status/ class differentials Corporatist nature: various interest groups are incorporated into policy-making and the delivery of welfare Patriarcal nature: system first aims to support the male breadwinner of the family, not individuals The Welfare state and the European Social Model Later, the 1960s and 1970s saw the rapid expansion of another model of welfare, the “universal” Scandinavian model based on citizenship that had a socio-democratic goal of income redistribution across classes Achievement of West European welfare states: they promoted social integration and produced highly “civilized societies” in which social relationships were pacified, made subject to universal, legal norms and individuality acquired greater recognition Problem of West European welfare states : all European welfare systems were national schemes, with some benefits tied to national citizenship, which in some cases excluded the migrants whose labour supported their developmen