环境科学概论教学课件（第五讲）.ppt

广东工业大学 环境科学与工程学院 * CHAPTER FIVEEnergy and Civilization: Patterns of Consumption Advocate a kind of civilized life style (low carbon lifestyle) * OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Explain why all organisms require a constant input of energy. Describe how per capita energy consumption increased as civilization developed from hunting and gathering to primitive agriculture to advanced cultures. Describe how advanced modern civilizations developed as new fuels were used to run machines. Correlate the Industrial Revolution with social and economic changes. Explain how cheap oil and natural gas led to a consumption-oriented society. Explain how the automobile changed peoples lifestyles. * Every form of life and all societies require a constant input of energy If the flow of energy through organisms or societies ceases, they stop functioning and begin to disintegrate. Truth of nature and human society * History Of Energy Consumption Biological Energy Sources Origin of energy source: sunlight photosynthesis producer : Plant alga * Kind of biological energy sources wood oil coal natural gas * Domesticated animals furnished for transportation Animal power Uses of biological energy * Animal power cavalry * Wood use for cooking * farming * History Of Energy Consumption Including: cooking , transportation, fight and farming. terra-cotta warrior core wood donkey cart farm cattle * Increased use of wood In early civilization, The energy provided by wood enabled people to cook their food, heat their dwellings, and develop a primitive form of metallurgy. Such advances separated humans from other animals. * Deserted mountain When dense populations of humans made heavy use of wood for fuel and building materials, they eventually used up the readily available sources. Because of a long history of high population density, some ancient country experienced a wood shortage. (China, India) * Fossil fuels and industrial revol