传热学9-BoilingCondensation-2010.pptVIP

Chapter 9  Boiling and Condensation B. Inclined Plates laminar This approximation gives satisfactory results especially for θ?60°. The equation above can also be used for wavy laminar flows as an approximation. Equation for vertical plates can also be used to calculate the average heat transfer coefficient for laminar film condensation on the outer surfaces of vertical tubes provided that the tube diameter is large relative to the thickness of the liquid film, that is D δ. C. Vertical Tubes Nusselts analysis of film condensation on vertical plates can also be extended to horizontal tubes and spheres. The average heat transfer coefficient for film condensation on the outer surfaces of a horizontal tube 0 Re 30 where D is the diameter of the horizontal tube. This relation can easily be modified for a sphere by replacing the constant 0.729 by 0.815. D. Horizontal Tubes and Spheres A comparison of the heat transfer coefficient relations for a vertical tube of height L and a horizontal tube of diameter D yields If a tube whose length L = 1.294 D =2.77D , then hvertical=hhorizontal , which implies that for a tube whose length is 2.77 times its diameter, the average heat transfer coefficient for laminar film condensation will be the same whether the tube is positioned horizontally or vertically. For L 2.77D, the heat transfer coefficient will be higher in the horizontal position. Considering that the length of a tube in any practical application is several times its diameter, it is common practice to place the tubes in a condenser horizontally to maximize the condensation heat transfer coefficient on the outer surfaces of the tubes. The average thickness of the liquid film at the lower tubes is much larger as a result of condensate falling on top of them from the tubes directly above. The average heat transfer coefficient at the lower tubes in such arrangements is smaller. The average film condensation heat transfer coefficient fo