第1-4章微流控芯片.ppt

第1-4章 微流控芯片 目 录 目 录 Do you know? Biochip 生物芯片 Lab-on-a-Chip 芯片实验室 Labchip Microfluidic Chip 微流控芯片 Micro Total Analysis System (MicroTAS, ?TAS) 微全分析系统 Research into miniaturization is primarily driven by the need to reduce costs by reducing the consumption of expensive reagents and by increasing throughput and automation. For example, most are aware of the increasing cost of health care, driven in part by the cost of implementing the latest diagnostic assays. These assays, which are usually performed in microtiter plates that consume hundreds of microliters of reagents, would benefit from the use of microfabricated arrays of nanoliter volume vials. By reducing reagent consumption by a factor of 103–104, these devices could provide dramatic savings for the repetitive assays often performed in diagnostic laboratories. 尺寸效应（cm→100?m） 尺寸 1/100 分子扩散时间 1/10,000 (1h→0.36s) 体积 1/1,000,000 试剂用量 1t→1g, ml→nl 传热速度 1500oC/s 由此将带来： 方法上的变革 理论上的突破 还有巨大的经济和社会效益 微流控分析芯片 微流控分析芯片目的是通过化学分析设备的微型化与集成化，最大限度地把分析实验室的功能转移到便携的芯片中。 微流控分析芯片通过微机电加工技术把整个实验室的功能，包括采样、稀释、加试剂、反应、分离、检测等集成在几平方厘米的微流控芯片上，且可多次使用，因而极大地减少了样品和分析试剂的用量，降低了分析的成本，加快了分析的速度，具有广泛的适用性 。 The Early Days: 1975-1989 The first analytical miniaturized device A gas chromatographic air analyzer fabricated on a silicon wafer Terry, S. C. Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford, Stanford, CA, 1975 Terry, Stephen C.; et al. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 1979, ED-26(12), 1880 A miniature gas anal. system based on the principles of gas chromatog. The major components are fabricated in Si using photolithog. and chem. etching techniques, which allows size redns. of nearly 3 orders of magnitude compared to conventional laboratory instruments. consists of a sample injection valve, a 1.5-m-long capillary column. A thermal conductivity detector fabricated on a separate silicon wafer . sepns. of gaseous hydrocarbon mixts. are performed in 10 s. However, the response of the scientific community to this first silicon chi