2019-2020学年新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案：必修1 15句子成分.pdfVIP

十五、句子成分 ★ 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑 问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。主语可由名词、代词、数 词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 如：During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.(名词） We often speak English in class. （代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词） Two swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词） The rich should he lp the poor.(名词化的形容词） When me are going to have an Eaglish test has not been decided.(主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） ★ 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 谓语的构成如下： 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如：He practices running every morning. 2 复合谓语 ⒈由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You make the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. ⒉ 由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students. ★ 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,becone,get,look,grow, turn,seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介 词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 如：Our teacher of English is an American.(名词） Is it yours? （代词） The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting.(分词） Three times seven is twenty one?(数词） His job is to teach Eaglish.(不定式） His hobby(爱好）is playing football.(动名词） The machine must be out of order.(介词短语） Time is up.The class is over.(副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句） ★ 宾语 1 宾语的位置 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 如：They went to see an exhibition(展览）yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语） I think (that ）he is fit for his office.(宾语从句） 2 宾语种类 ⒈双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 如：Lend me our dictionary, please. ⒉复合宾语（宾语+宾补） 如：They elected hin their monitor. ★ 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下成分表示： 如：Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词） China is a develceing