纳米技术课程英文论文.doc

Direct-Current Nanogenerator Driven by Ultrasonic Waves Abstract: We have developed a nanowire nanogenerator that is driven by an ultrasonic wave to produce continuous direct-current output. The nanogenerator was fabricated with vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowire arrays that were placed beneath a zigzag metal electrode with a small gap. The wave drives the electrode up and down to bend and/or vibrate the nanowires. A piezoelectric-semiconducting coupling process converts mechanical energy into electricity. The zigzag electrode acts as an array of parallel integrated metal tips that simultaneously and continuously create, collect, and output electricity from all of the nanowires. The approach presents an adaptable, mobile, and cost-effective technology for harvesting energy from the environment, and it offers a potential solution for powering nanodevices and nanosystems. Introduction: The operation of nanodevices fabricated with one-dimensional nanostructures [such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanobelts] usually requires very low power, which is provided by an external source, such as a battery that may have to be replaced or recharged regularly. The reliance on an external power source may present a limitation for these systems. Various approaches have been developed for energy scavenging with applications in wireless electronics, such as thermoelectric, piezoelectric thin-film, and vibrational cantilevers. We have recently demonstrated an innovative approach for converting nanoscale mechanical energy into electric energy by piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire (NW) arrays. By deflecting the aligned NWs with a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip in contact mode, the mechanical energy created by the deflection force was converted into electricity with the use of the piezoelectric properties of the NWs. To improve the power generation capabilities of the system, it is necessary to replace the AFM tip with a simpler source of mechanical energy that ca