中国墓葬文化_PPT.pptVIP

陵墓阙 是现存汉阙中保存得最多的类型。它们均位于陵墓之前，两相对称，中阙为道，为陵墓神道的入口大门。它们或木构，或石砌；木阙现已无存，石阙则实例颇多，均为后汉物。阙身形制略如碑而略厚，上覆以檐；其附有子阙者，则有较低较小之阙，另具檐瓦，倚于主阙之侧。檐下有刻作斗拱枋额，模仿木构形状者，有不作斗拱，仅用上大下小之石块承檐者。著名的陵墓阙有四川渠县、冯焕阙、沈府君阙，绵阳平阳府君阙，梓桐李业阙以及山东嘉祥武氏祠阙（有子阙而无斗拱），平邑皇圣卿阙等等十数处。这些阙均为公元一、二世纪遗物，不仅是研究汉代建筑而且也是研究汉代社会生活和书法、雕刻艺术的重要实物 瓮棺 明代。通高123厘米，口径61厘米[1]，八棱形，子母口，圆肩，收腹，平底，体施 黄褐釉。腹分3层装饰。上层饰凤鸟、乐器、书画等；中层饰3组人物及凤鸟、垂柳、 翠竹；下层饰仰莲。盖为八棱塔状，顶有一圆孔，径16厘米，棱面除一组饰人物外， 其余为凤鸟、花卉、垂柳、翠竹等图案。藏青州市博物馆。[ 西汉长信宫灯，中国汉代青铜器，1968年于河北省满城县（今河北省保定市满城县西南约1.5公里的山崖上）中山靖王刘胜妻窦绾[wǎn]墓中出土。2010年作为中国2010年上海世界博览会展品展出。宫灯灯体为一通体鎏金、双手执灯跽坐的宫女，神态恬静优雅。灯体通高48厘米，重15.85公斤。长信宫灯设计十分巧妙，宫女一手执灯，另一手袖似在挡风，实为虹管，用以吸收油烟，既防止了空气污染，又有审美价值。此宫灯因曾放置于窦太后（刘胜祖母）的长信宫内而得名，现藏河北省博物馆 * * * There are usually some lettering on the stele. When one dies, people will write down his life especially his contribution on the stele for memories. * Epigrap 碑刻 * 隋唐洛阳城应天门西阙 阙 * 西风残照，汉家陵阙 四川雅安高颐阙 * 翁棺 * 棺 椁 * Burial objects * * When the workers was bombing the mountain to dig a tunnel, they found a hole and there was a big tomb in this hole. Then, the archaeologists came. It was the tomb of Liu Sheng （Prince Zhongshan），a son of Emperor Jing of Han, the fourth emperor of the West Han Dynasty. * * * Gilt Bronze Human-Shaped Lamp 长信宫灯 * Jade clothes sewn with gold wire 金缕玉衣 * Jade clothes sewn with gold wire was just a legend. People had never seen one before the finding of this tomb. It was a suit, including the jacket, pants, helment, gloves and even shoes. The most amazing thing is that it was made according to a man’s bone structure and joint, especially reflected from the gloves. Experts says that such a suit will take at least a decade. In this suit, there are 2498 pieces of jade piece and about 1100 grams of gold thread. Luckily, we also found a suit in the tomb of his wife. * * * The art of Netherworld Tombs * 1、Some forms of ancient Chinese tombs 2、The necessary parts of ancient Chinese tombs 3、An example Forms of burial Celestial burial Cremation Tree burial Cliff burial Burial Water