大学生物专业英语2.pptVIP

Calvin-Benson cycle 卡尔文-本森循环 ribulose biphosphate（RuBP）or some other compound to which carbon has been affixed,undergoes rearrangements that lead to formation of a sugar phosphate and to regeneration of the RuBP. The cycle runs to ATP and NADPH from light independent reactions. C3 plants C3植物是指在光合作用的暗反应过程中，一个CO2被一个五碳化合物(1，5-二磷酸核酮糖，简称RuBP)固定后形成两个三碳化合物(3-磷酸甘油酸)，即 CO2被固定后最先形成的化合物中含有三个碳原子，所以称为C3植物。 C4 plants 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸，CO2同化的最初产物不是光合碳循环中的三碳化合物3-磷酸甘油酸，而是四碳化合物苹果酸或天门冬氨酸的植物。 photosystem 光合系统 One of the clusters of light-trapping pigments embedded in photosynthetic membranes. Photosystem Ι operates during the cyclic pathway; photosystem Π operates during both the cyclic and noncyclic pathways. Photosynthesis algae [′?ld?i:] 藻类 protist [′pr?utist] 原生生物 bacteria [b?k′ti?ri?] 细菌 respiration [resp?′rei??n] 呼吸 exergonic [eks?′ɡ?nik] 放出能的 endergonic [end?′ɡ?nik] 需能的 oxidize [?ksi’daiz] (使某物)氧化 embedded [em′bedid] 嵌入 装入 carbon dioxide [dai′?ksaid] CO2 Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyll-containing cells of green plants, algae, and certain protists and bacteria. Overall, it is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy that is stored in the molecular bonds. From the point of view of chemistry and energetics, it is the opposite of cellular respiration. 光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞，海藻，某些原生动物和细菌之中。总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能，并将能量贮存在分子键中，从化学和动能学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的对立面。 Whereas cellular respiration is highly exergonic and releases energy, photosynthesis requires energy and is highly endergonic. 细胞呼吸作用是高度放能的，光合作用是需要能量并高吸能的过程。 Photosynthesis starts with CO2 and H2O as raw materials and proceeds through two sets of partial reactions. In the first set, called the light-dependent reactions, water molecules are split (oxidized), 02 is released, and ATP and NADPH are formed. These reactions must take place in the presen