食品中细菌的危害与预防措施.pptVIP

产肠毒素性大肠埃希氏菌( ETEC) 在小肠定位繁殖，产生肠毒素，引起霍乱样腹泻。 毒素包括： 不耐热肠毒素LT——60?C，10min灭活 耐热肠毒素ST——100?C，10min不灭活 肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌(EIEC) 为志贺痢疾样大肠埃希氏菌，致病症状象痢疾，带有血便，痢疾菌试验呈阳性，具有与痢疾杆菌同样的毒力，可侵入大肠上皮细胞，形成局部炎症及溃疡。 肠道出血性大肠埃希氏菌(EHEC) 也称为产佛罗细胞毒素大肠埃希氏菌（Verocytoxin producing E. Coli , VTEC）或大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7（E. Coli O157:H7），可引起以血便和腹痛为主要症状出血性肠炎，有时并发溶血性尿毒症综合症的。 控制方法 充分加热杀菌； 在4?C（40?F）以下冷藏产品； 防止烹调过程中发生交叉污染； 禁止有病人员加工食品。 李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes) 分布广——土壤、蔬菜、海水沉积物、水体。 易感人群：免疫缺陷的人，包括癌症病人、吃过影响免疫系统药品的人、酗酒者、怀孕的妇女、胃酸少的人、爱滋病患者等。 症状：引起脑膜炎、流产、败血症、甚至死亡。 In the United States, an estimated 1,600 people get sick from Listeria germs each year. Of these, 260 die. 李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes) 涉及到的食品——乳制品、蔬菜、肉、禽、鱼、熟的即食食品。 最大的威胁：来自不需再 加热的即食食品。 注意：能在2 ? C（36 ?F） 下生长。 预防措施：充分加热产品， 防止熟产品再次污染。 General recommendations to prevent an infection with Listeria: FDA recommendations for washing and handling food. Rinse raw produce, such as fruits and vegetables, thoroughly under running tap water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Even if the produce will be peeled, it should still be washed first. Scrub firm produce, such as melons and cucumbers, with a clean produce brush. Dry the produce with a clean cloth or paper towel. Separate uncooked meats and poultry from vegetables, cooked foods, and ready-to-eat foods. * Keep your kitchen and environment cleaner and safer. Wash hands, knives, countertops, and cutting boards after handling and preparing uncooked foods. Be aware that Listeria monocytogenes can grow in foods in the refrigerator. Use an appliance thermometer, such as a refrigerator thermometer, to check the temperature inside your refrigerator. The refrigerator should be 40°F or lower and the freezer 0°F or lower. Clean up all spills in your refrigerator right away–especially juices from hot dog and lunch meat packages, raw meat, and raw poultry. Clean the inside walls and shelves of your refrigerator with hot water and liquid soap, then rinse. * Apples, caramel, and a wooden stick synergistica