化学双语教学.pptVIP

* Carbohydrates 糖类 江苏省常州高级中学 房寿高 Question: Are all the carbohydrates sweet? The sweet substance belongs to carbohydrate ? Starch(淀粉）、cellulose [‘seljul?us] （纤维素）etc. are not sweet,but they belong to carbohydrates. and the sweet substances are not always the carbohydrates,such as saccharin（糖精） 1. What is the carbohydrate? A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water). in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Just for this reason ,it is called carbohydrate (碳水化合物）. Some exceptions exist,for example, deoxyribose [di:,?ksi‘raib?us]（脱氧核糖） , a component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4.) At the same time , a component of acetic acid has the formula C2H4O2 [C2(H2O)2],but it does not belong to carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are not technically hydrates of carbon. Structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy [p?li‘haidr?ksi] aldehydes or ketones[’ki:t?unz] （多羟基醛或酮）or hydrolyzed（水解） to produce them. 2. Classification of carbohydrate 单糖：monosaccharide [,m?n?u‘s?k?raid] (Can not be hydrolyzed) C6H12O6: glucose(葡萄糖）(blood sugar) or dextrose ; fructose(果糖）or levulose; Galactose([ɡ?‘l?kt?us] 半乳糖） 二糖：disaccharide C12H22O11： sucrose（蔗糖）(table sugar)，maltose [‘m?:lt?us] （麦芽糖）,lactose（乳糖）（milk sugar) 多糖：polysaccharide [,p?lis?k?raid ] （C6H10O5)n: starch (淀粉），cellulose(纤维素） 3. Chemical properties Carbohydrates containing –CHO can undergo silver mirror reactions (all the aldehyde（醛）;葡萄糖；麦芽糖等） 2) reacting with the new-made Cu(OH)2 suspension Phenomena: Brick red deposit ([dip?zit] ) 砖红色沉淀 3) Hydrolysis [hai‘dr?lisis] reaction(水解反应） of disaccharide and polysaccharide Sucrose glucose fructose maltose starch Question： How to testify the starch hydrolysis product containing glucose? * * *