《环保硫化体系对天然胶乳硫化及其性能的影响》【毕业设计论文】.docVIP

PAGE 精品 摘 要 天然胶乳具有优异的综合性能，用其制备的胶乳制品可作为病毒、细菌等的有效屏障，已广泛应用于医疗卫生及工业领域[1]。而天然胶乳制品生产时需加入硫化促进剂等助剂以满足产品性能要求，但目前乳胶工业大都采用仲胺型的硫化促进剂，在天然胶乳制品加工过程中容易产生致癌性的N-亚硝胺，其对人体健康有很大的影响。目前，随着胶乳制品的广泛应用，胶乳制品中N-亚硝胺含量对人类健康影响的问题已是天然胶乳制品面临的最大问题之一。 绝大多数胶乳制品是通过高温硫化最终成型的，该过程中发生硫化反应的主要是硫化剂和硫化促进剂。其中仲胺基硫化促进剂在分解后会产生仲胺，并与大气中或配合剂中的氮氧化物在酸性条件下生成稳定的亚硝胺，生成的亚硝胺将DNA烷基化，有最终诱发致癌的可能性[2]。此外，亚硝胺的前体(亚硝酸盐、氮氧化物等)与某些添加剂在生产和储存过程中也可转变为亚硝胺。 本文以浓缩天然胶乳为原料，采用非亚硝胺型（ZBEC）、低亚硝胺型（ZDBC）传统型（ZDC）硫化促进剂分别加入天然胶乳中制备配合胶乳及硫化胶膜。考察硫化促进剂的种类和用量、氧化锌的用量、硫磺的用量及制品加工温度对天然胶乳的硫化性能与硫化胶膜物理机械性能的影响。 试验结果表明：①适当增加氧化锌用量，可明显提高天然胶乳硫化胶膜的交联密度和撕裂强度；②适当增加硫化促进剂或硫磺的用量，不仅可以加快胶膜的硫化速度，同时也可以有效的增大硫化胶膜的交联密度，从而提高硫化胶膜的物理机械性能；③天然胶乳胶膜的硫化温度控制在100℃左右，具有较大的交联密度和较好的物理机械性能；④从天然胶乳胶膜的硫化速度和硫化胶膜的物理机械性能方面考虑，采用环保硫化促进剂ZBEC、ZDBC代替传统的硫化促进剂ZDC是可行的。 关键词：天然胶乳；硫化促进剂；硫化；亚硝胺 Abstract Natural rubber latex has good comprehensive properties. The products made from it which can effectively hold off viruses and bacterium, have found wide uses in the medical field and industries. To achieve the required performance of the products, however, vulcanization accelerators and other agents are needed in preparing the latex. Currently, one of the most used accelerators in the latex industry is the secondary amine accelerators which can lead to the formation of the carcinogenic N-nitrosamine in treating natural rubber latex. As the products made from natural rubber latex are finding more and more applications, the health risks posed by the use of N-nitrosamine have become one of the biggest problems the latex industry ever faced with. Most products made from natural rubber latex experience curing at a high temperature. During the curing process, chemical reactions mainly take place to the vulcanizer and accelerator. The secondary amines that the secondary amine accelerator releases during its decomposition will react with nitrogen oxides present in the atmosphere or ligand under acidic conditions and form nitrosamine which is capable of alkylating DNA molecules and may induce carcinogenesis. Moreove