动物科学专业英语 重点.docVIP

There are six basic classes of nutrients that must be considered in formulating diets:water、carbohydrates、protein、lipids、minerals、vitamins. Maintenance is the state in which there is neither gain nor loss of a nutrient by the body. Pigs are delivered in the “litter”,and chicks are hatched from the “egg”. After approximately 115 days of pregnancy,parturition is initiated. Regardless of the species ,most of digestion and absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine. Apparent digestibility:表观消化率 Proximate analysis:工业分析 Lactation:泌乳 Digestive tract:消化道 Stall:畜栏 瘤胃：paunch 母猪：hen 饲养密度：stocking density 肉鸡：broiler chicken 饲料转化率：feed conversion rate 动物福利：animal welfare The maintenance portion of the total energy need during growth increases with body size,but the additional need for the growth depends on the rate and the composition of the tissue being formed.生长期间的总能量需求的维持部分随着身体尺寸增加，但是对生长的额外需要取决于所形成的组织的速率和合成物。 Pigs have an immature digestive system at birth,whereas chicks have a full complement of digestive enzymes at hatching-”Chicks”can utilize corn and soybean meal diets efficiently from day one,whereas baby pigs must depend on milk or milk-based diets! 猪在出生时有一个不成熟的消化系统，而雏鸡在孵化时有完整的消化酶补充 - “小鸡”可以从第一天有效地利用玉米和豆粕日粮，而小猪必须依赖于牛奶或牛奶基础的饮食！ 能量和蛋白质饲喂不足会导致公畜、母畜性成熟延迟。Under feeding energy or protein can result in delayed sexual maturing in both the male and female. 胃最重要的功能是储存食物，控制其内容物向十二指肠释放。Stomach,its most important function is storage of food and controlled release of its contents into the duodenum. 猪的需水量变异很大，取决于空气温度、湿度和采食量。Variation in the water requirements of pigs varies greatly, depending on air temperature, humidity, and feed intake. Stall allow the sow to stand ,lie,eat and drink,but may not allow them to turn around .It allows the producer to feed and observe each sow individually to meet her needs and it protects her from other aggressive sows.畜栏容许母猪站立、躺、吃食和喝水，但不允许它们到处跑，允许生产人员饲养和观察每一个单独的母猪，发现的需要保护她不受其他母猪侵害。 During mitosis there are four typical stages in the div