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Epistaxis (nosebleed) Etiology： 1、 Local causes： 1）Trauma：mucosa laceration blood vessel injury 2）Inflammation of nose and sinus 3）Diseases of septum 4）Tumor：nasal cavity tumor sinus tumor angiofibroma of nasopharynx;2、 General factors Systematic disease—— Ascension of arterial pressure and venous pressure， Dysfunction of coagulation, Change of blood vessel tension.;1） Acute epidemical diseases 2） Cardiovascular diseases 3） Hemological diseases 4） Nutrition defect：VitC、K、P or calcium 5） Liver, kidney diseases and rheumatic fever 6） Poison ：phosphorus, mercury, arsenic, benzene 7） Osler’s disease hemorrhagic familial telangiectasia 8） Endocrinic imbalance;Treatment： 1、 Fundamental treatment Emergency: sedation estimate the bleeding amount keep proper posture No blood ingest 2、 Hemostatic methods 1）Identify the bleeding site pinch the nostrils; 2）Cautery techniques chemical electrical laser radiofrequency microwave 3） Nasal packing resorbable material, gel foam. anterior postorior water or air balloon;3、Artery ligation anterior ethmoid artery posterior ethmoid artery internal maxillary artery external carotid artery 4、 Angiography and embolization submucous resection endoscopic cautery and ligation ;;5、 Systematic management. 1） sedative 2） hemostatic agent 3） Vitamine C, K. 4）sclerosant 5） anti-shock management 6）Traditional Chinese Medicine;Foreign body in the nose;Etiology： 1、Children 2-3yrs old 2、Insects 3、Injury：wood, rocks, metals 4、Iatrogenic ;Metal in nasal cavity;Rhinolith in nasal cavity;Diagnosis： Unilateral purulent drainage with foul smell in children ——Foreign body in the nose? History； nasal examination； plain X-ray; CT scan Treatment： Remove foreign body in different ways Prevent foreign body in the nose?in bronchi;Mucocele and Cyst;Cyst of nasal vestibule;Mucocele Benign neoplasms: Obstruction of sinus ostia and accumulation of fluid Eti