汉英句子翻译基本原理及主要方法 m.pptVIP

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  • 2019-11-06 发布于湖北
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? 中国几位翻译家的理论 influential translation principles 严 复:信达雅—faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating. 傅雷:神似—spiritual conformity, Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵再现。 钱钟书: 化 境—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader. 刘重德:信、达、切—faithfulness / expressiveness / closeness. “信、达、雅” 严复在《天演论·译例言》里首次提出了“信、达、雅”的翻译标准。“信”指的是“忠实”(faithfulness),“达”指的是“流畅”(expressiveness),“雅”指的是“文字典雅,言简意赅”(gracefulness)。这奠定了我国翻译的理论基石。可以说,我国后来的翻译理论大都传承并进一步发展了这一思想。 中国翻译史上的论争 鲁迅: 宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth 目的:引入英文句式的表达法。 梁实秋、赵景深: 宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流。 直译与意译 直译:literal translation 意译:free translation 直译的例子: armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 They beat the enemy who were armed to the teeth. 1849年,armed to the teeth第一次出现。英国实业家和政治家理查德·科布登在演讲中谈到英国的国防预算问题时说Is there any reason why we should be armed to the teeth?,从此,armed to the teeth就被广泛使用。 直译与意译 The students went into the examination room, armed to the teeth with pens, pencils, erasers, calculators and …... 同学们带着钢笔、铅笔、橡皮、计算器等走进了考场。他们个个准备齐全。 直译不等于死译(dead translation): 街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。 Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning. 意译的例子: 1.It rains cats and dogs. 2.Little fish does not eat big fish. 直译:小鱼不吃大鱼 意译:胳膊拧不过大腿 试译:天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福 直译:Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight. 意译:The weather and human life are both unpredictable 归化与异化 (domestication/adaptation or foreignization / alienation) 归化的翻译在理论上是把语言看作交际工具;在实践上,强调通俗易懂,避免多义或歧义。习惯认为,当原文与译文之间因文化差异而出现不能通达的情况时,“要用译语文化替代原语文化”即把在译语中找不到对等的外语词汇改头换面,或套用译语中与之相似的现成的表达法,把它们变成读者熟悉的译语文化形象。归化派代表人物尤金?奈达(Eugene A. Nida) 异化 归化 For instance: as white as snow 通常译为白如雪 / 但没有见过雪的人可以将其翻译为“白如白鹭毛”,以达到功能对等的目的。 Spring up like mushrooms---

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