【专用文档】大空间建筑中火灾探测方法设计.docVIP

摘要 火灾是各类灾害中发生频率最高的一种，随着城市化进程的飞速发展以及人口的迅速膨胀，火灾造成的损失也越来越大。当前，高层建筑和大空间场所越来越多，如何在大空间环境下较早的发现火灾威胁并进行报警和扑灭，从而尽量减少生命、财产损失成为研究的热点。图像型火灾探测技术因其监控范围广、环境适应性强、升级容易等特点而备受关注，非常适合大空间环境下的火灾探测。在此基础上，针对早期火灾发生时出现的典型物理现象－烟雾和阴燃，本文提出了一种旨在大空间环境下探测早期火灾的新型双波段图像型火灾探测系统。在烟雾探测方面，本文根据模式识别的三个基本步骤设计提出了一整套烟雾探测的方法。在可疑区域分割环节，系统使用混合高斯模型对背景进行建模，进而提取可疑区域，分割可疑图元。在特征提取环节中，根据烟雾的半透明性和闪烁频率两种特性系统提取了可疑图元的高低频能量，颜色饱和度能量和边界平均闪烁频率四种特征值。最后，在烟雾判断环节，系统使用这四种特征值构成的特征向量对可疑图元进行烟雾判定。在红外波段，使用了可疑图元的面积变化率、火焰尖角数和区域相似度三种特征值对可疑图元是否是阴燃进行判断。最后，提出了根据烟雾和阴燃各自的判断结果进行早期火灾综合判断的判断流程。本文对烟雾可疑区域的提取、可疑图元的特征值提取和分析以及烟雾的判断规则做了深入的讨论。 关键词：大空间早期火灾，双波段，数字图像处理，混合高斯模型，小波变换，颜色空间 Abstract In every kind of disasters, fire happens most frequently. And with the high growspeed of the population and the number of cities,destructions and losses that firecauses become more and more great. Today, there are more and more skyscrapers andbig buildings, how to detect fire threaten in these kinds of places as soon as possibleand limit the loss to the lowest level become more important than ever.For its broad detect range and easy settlement features, much attention has been focused on a new style detection method - fire detection based on video images. A whole processof detection was developed based on classic three steps method in pattern recognition.In suspicious region segmentation step, system uses the multi-Gaussian model to establish model of background, thus to district motive region in the current frame. In features extraction step, system extracts four eigenvalues like high/low frequency energy, color saturation energy and average boundary flicker frequency. In ultra red band, system uses area changing rate, number of sharp-angles and area similarity to judge if there is smolder in suspicious region.Methods that used in region segmentation and recognition are thoroughly discussed in this dissertation. Videos of smoke and flames in both visible and ultra red bands are used to testify those methods, and the result show that the system a