大一语法概论 Introduction to English Grammar.pptVIP

English Grammar;Introduction to Grammar;＊ content of grammar ＊ grammatical unit ＊ part of speech ＊ phrase ＊ sentence element ＊ relationship ＊ sentences; ;grammar: the rules of a language, for example for forming words or joining words together in sentences words sentences;grammatical unit;morpheme;word;phrase;clause;sentence;part of speech /word class 词类、词性 (10) notional words 实词 form words 虚词 words particle 小品词 -- to do structure word 结构词 (there be …) ＊ determiners 限定词 ＊ wh-word;1. noun (n.) 2. adjective (adj./a.) 3. numeral (num.) 4. pronoun (pron.) 5. verb (v.) 6. adverb (adv./ad.) ;7. article (art.) 8. preposition (prep.) 9. conjunction (conj.) 10. interjection (interj./int.); art. pron. adj. num. ;wh-word;11 types of phrase ;11 types of phrase ;green house; ? white smith; full of water; because of; hundreds of; take place; to study hard; one another; on condition that; as well; standing at the door; in case; Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.; member of sentence / (10) sentence element (句子成分) 1 主语 subject (S.) 2 谓语 predicate (V.) 3 宾语 object (O.);4 定语 attribute (At.) 5 状语 adverbial (Ad.) 6 补语 complement (C.) 7 表语 predicative (P.);①动宾verbal object ②介宾 prepositional object ③双宾 double object → indirect object + direct object (人)间宾Oi. (物)直宾Od. ④复合宾语 complex object → object +object complement 宾语 + 宾补O.C.;complement: ① object complement 宾补 ② subject complement 主补 Eg: We make our country richer. We elect him our monitor. Teacher let us go home. He was found dead in the room. Our country is made richer by us.;8 同位语 appositive 9 插入语 parenthesis 10 呼语 vocative